Monarch Disease Ontology term MONDO_0005002 (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a chronic and progressive lung disorder characterized by the loss of elasticity of the bronchial tree and the air sacs, destruction of the air sacs wall, thickening of the bronchial wall, and mucous accumulation in the bronchial tree. The pathologic changes result in the disruption of the air flow in the bronchial airways. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, productive cough, and chest tightness. The two main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema. Also known as: COLD, COPD, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive airway disease, chronic obstructive airways disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, (COPD).