tropical spastic paraparesis (MONDO_0008039, a Monarch Disease Ontology identifier) is a chronic systemic immune-mediated inflammatory myeloneuropathy, more frequently reported in women than in men, that usually presents in adulthood with slowly progressive spastic paraparesis of the lower limbs, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and sensory disturbances in the lower extremities (e.g. paresthesia and dysesthesia) and that is associated with a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Also known as: HAM/TSP, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, HTLV-associated myelopathy, Human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, TSP, ham/TSP, tropical spastic paralysis.