Primary interstitial lung disease specific to childhood due to pulmonary surfactant protein anomalies (Orphanet rare-disease nomenclature term Orphanet_100049) is a group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) induced by genetic mutations disrupting surfactant function and gas exchange in the lung. The disorders caused by these mutations affect full-term infants and older children and exhibit considerable overlap in their clinical and histologic presentation. Also known as: Primary ILD specific to childhood due to pulmonary surfactant protein anomalies.