Hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius (Orphanet_2182, an Orphanet rare-disease nomenclature identifier) (HSAS) is a historical term used to describe a phenotype now considered to be part of the X-linked L1 clinical spectrum (L1 syndrome, see this term). HSAS is characterized by severe hydrocephalus mostly with prenatal onset, signs of intracranial hypertension, adducted thumbs, spasticity, and severe intellectual deficit. HSAS represents the severe end of the spectrum and is associated with poor prognosis. Also known as: Bickers-Adams syndrome, HSAS, X-linked HSAS, X-linked acqueductal stenosis, X-linked hydrocephalus, X-linked hydrocephalus with stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius.