Factor XII is a serum glycoprotein that participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII to form kallikrein, which then cleaves factor XII first to alpha-factor XIIa and then trypsin cleaves it to beta-factor XIIa. Alpha-factor XIIa activates factor XI to factor XIa (PubMed:2019570, PubMed:21304106, PubMed:8427954). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2019570, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21304106, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8427954}. This is the function of ENSG00000131187 (F12, coagulation factor XII).