The function of Ensembl gene identifier ENSG00000150471 (ADGRL3, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3) is as follows. Orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR), which mediates synapse specificity (PubMed:35418682). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide- binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:35418682). ADGRL3 is coupled with different classes of G alpha proteins, such as G(12)/G(13), G(s), G(i) or G(q), depending on the context (PubMed:35418682). Coupling to G(12)/G(13) G proteins, which mediates the activation Rho small GTPases is the most efficient (PubMed:35418682). Following G protein-coupled receptor activation, associates with cell adhesion molecules that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells to direct synapse specificity (PubMed:26235030). Specifically mediates the establishment of Schaffer- collateral synapses formed by CA3-region axons on CA1-region pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus (By similarity). Localizes to postsynaptic spines in excitatory synapses in the S.oriens and S.radiatum and interacts with presynaptic cell adhesion molecules FLRT3 and TENM2, promoting synapse formation (By similarity). Plays a role in the development of glutamatergic synapses in the cortex (By similarity). Important in determining the connectivity rates between the principal neurons in the cortex (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q80TS3, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26235030, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35418682}. [Isoform 1]: Orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR), which mediates synapse specificity. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide- binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Isoform 1 is specifically coupled to G(s) G proteins and mediates activation of adenylate cyclase activity. Following G protein-coupled receptor activation, undergoes liquid-liquid phase transition, associates with (1) cell adhesion molecules that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells, as well as (2) PDZ-containing proteins, such as SHANK3 and DLG4, in the cytoplasm to direct synapse formation. .