Core component of the complement C1 complex, a multiprotein complex that initiates the classical pathway of the complement system, a cascade of proteins that leads to phagocytosis and breakdown of pathogens and signaling that strengthens the adaptive immune system (PubMed:12847249, PubMed:19006321, PubMed:24626930, PubMed:29449492, PubMed:3258649, PubMed:34155115, PubMed:6249812, PubMed:6776418). The classical complement pathway is initiated by the C1Q subcomplex of the C1 complex, which specifically binds IgG or IgM immunoglobulins complexed with antigens, forming antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of pathogens: C1QA, together with C1QB and C1QC, specifically recognizes and binds the Fc regions of IgG or IgM via its C1q domain (PubMed:12847249, PubMed:19006321, PubMed:24626930, PubMed:29449492, PubMed:3258649, PubMed:6776418). Immunoglobulin-binding activates the proenzyme C1R, which cleaves C1S, initiating the proteolytic cascade of the complement system (PubMed:29449492). The C1Q subcomplex is activated by a hexamer of IgG complexed with antigens, while it is activated by a pentameric IgM (PubMed:19706439, PubMed:24626930, PubMed:29449492). The C1Q subcomplex also recognizes and binds phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of cells undergoing programmed cell death, possibly promoting activation of the complement system (PubMed:18250442). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12847249, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18250442, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19006321, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19706439, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24626930, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29449492, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3258649, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34155115, ECO:0000269|PubMed:6249812, ECO:0000269|PubMed:6776418}. This is the function of ENSG00000159189 (C1QC, complement C1q C chain).