The function of Ensembl gene identifier ENSG00000165409 (TSHR, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) is as follows. Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:12045258). Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin (PubMed:12045258). TSHR is coupled to G(s) proteins and mediates the activation of adenylate cyclase (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:35940205, PubMed:35940204). This leads to the generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which in turn activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA subsequently phosphorylates downstream targets involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, including thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) (PubMed:27638195). Additionally, plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P21463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11847099, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12045258, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27638195, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35940204, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35940205}.