Endosomal receptor that plays a key role in innate and adaptive immunity (PubMed:14976261, PubMed:32433612). Controls host immune response against pathogens through recognition of uridine- containing single strand RNAs (ssRNAs) of viral origin or guanosine analogs (PubMed:12738885, PubMed:27742543, PubMed:31608988, PubMed:32706371, PubMed:35477763). Upon binding to agonists, undergoes dimerization that brings TIR domains from the two molecules into direct contact, leading to the recruitment of TIR-containing downstream adapter MYD88 through homotypic interaction (PubMed:27742543). In turn, the Myddosome signaling complex is formed involving IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, TRAF3 leading to activation of downstream transcription factors NF-kappa-B and IRF7 to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons, respectively (PubMed:27742543, PubMed:32706371). In plasmacytoid dendritic cells, RNASET2 endonuclease cooperates with PLD3 or PLD4 5'->3' exonucleases to process RNA and release 2',3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (2',3'-cGMP) and cytidine-rich RNA fragments that occupy TLR7 ligand-binding pockets and trigger a signaling- competent state. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12738885, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14976261, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27742543, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31608988, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32433612, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32706371, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35477763, ECO:0000269|PubMed:38697119}. This is the function of TLR7 (toll like receptor 7, ENSG00000196664).